In the early seventeenth century, when the Castle Hill began small for the city of Rio de Janeiro, it launched itself to the Meadow, where there was already a chapel, built to Our Lady of O, located in a very swampy area that became known as the Yard O. Later the place came to be known as the Pole Yard, because it was installed on the trunk, instrument of torture to punish blacks. It was also known as Rossio Square or do Carmo, which was already in front of the Convento do Carmo and then as the Palace Square, because it was located the house that was the Palace of the Governors Palace of the Viceroys, the Royal Palace and Imperial Palace. With the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889 became the Praça XV de Novembro, undergoing a reform in 1894 to a new landscaping and the inauguration of the Statue of General Osório. In the Square was the old Port of Rio, with the Pier Pharoux. Besides the Palace, part of the set of Praça XV, the Arc de Telles, the Stock Exchange, the Pyramid Fountain of Boats and Station, from where the ferries, the hydrofoils and catamarans that make the transportation of passengers in Guanabara Bay to Niterói, Paqueta and Governador Island. In 1998 the square was completely remodeled gaining an underground through which the bus was restored and the Fountain of the Pyramid, along with a piece of the old pier. At the bottom of the square, but I belong to First Street in March, there is the important architectural group formed by former convent and church of the Carmelite novitiate was the Metropolitan Cathedral until moving to the Avenida Chile and the Church Order Third of Our Lady of Mount Caramel.
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